quaestio perpetua (kwes-chee-oh-neez p[schwa]r-pech-oo-ee). [Latin “perpetual inquiry”] Roman law. A permanent commission to hear criminal cases; specif., a standing jury court created by statute to try and pass sentence on particular crimes. Pl. quaestiones perpetuae. “Then in 149 the lex Calpurnia was passed, concerned not only with reparation but also punishment; it established a permanent […]
quaestiones perpetuae 〈拉〉常设刑事法庭 罗马法中调查所指控罪行的委员会或法庭。 (→quaestiones)
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quaestio 〈拉〉 (1)(中世纪法)刑讯；询问；严刑拷问 (2)(罗马法)刑事审问处 由民众大会〔comitia〕授权的一种委员会。其目的在于调查犯罪及违法行为并作出报告。以后它演变为全面实施刑事管辖权，以至宣告判决。其间被不定期的任命组成过，最终成为永久性的委员会或正规的刑事法庭，那时称为「quaestio perpetua」。
quaestio (kwes-chee-oh orkwees-), n. [Latin fr. quaerere “to inquire”] Roman law. 1. A special commission of the Senate appointed to hear criminal cases involving the public interest, sometimes with the power to try all cases of a given class arising within a specified period. — Also termed quaestio extraordinaire. 2. QUAESTIO PERPETUA. 3. An interrogation
quaestiones 〈拉〉 (1)刑事审判法庭体制 早期罗马法规定，被指控犯有反对国家罪者，应在民众大会〔Assembly〕上受审，但如果属于特别严重的或需要详细调查的罪行，通常由元老院〔Senate〕或民众或该二者指定的司法官〔Magistrate〕所主持的特别委员会或称刑事审问处〔quaestio〕受理。公元前149年，元老院设立常设刑事法庭〔quaestio perpetua〕，审理敲诈和滥用权力案件，最初，它只受理民事案件，但后来转变为刑事法庭。该体制得以保存至帝国初期。随着帝国对重大案件管辖权的发展，刑事审判法庭体制变得不再重要。 (2)法律问答 罗马法或教会法的学者所使用的一种写作方式，即以辩论的方法讨论所研究的法律课题。许多伟大的古典法学家都采用过此种方式写作法学论着。
crimina extraordinaria (krim-[schwa]-n[schwa] ek-stror-d[schwa]-nair-ee-[schwa]). [Latin] Roman law. Extraordinary crimes; crimes not brought before a quaestio perpetua. • These crimes carried no fixed penalty and were punished according to the judge’s discretion.
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judicia publica (joo-dish-ee-[schwa] p[schwa]b-li-k[schwa]). [Latin] Roman law. The jurisdiction of the quaestiones perpetuae. See QUAESTIO PERPETUA.
lex Sempronia (leks sem-proh-nee-[schwa]). [Latin] Roman law. A law of 122 B.C. transferring the duty of jury service from the senators to the equestrians (knights). • The control of the juries in the quaestiones perpetuae, particularly in extortion (repetundae) trials, was one of the key areas of political conflict in the late Republic.